Research hot spots and development prospects of zirconia ceramics in the medical field

Release time：2024-09-18click：0

As the world ages With the development of chemical trends, human hard tissue replacement materials will receive more and more attention in the future, and this type of bioactive zirconia ceramics will also have broad research value and market prospects. BecauseZirconium oxide ceramicMaterials have great development potential and research value. Based on the principle of bionics, the composition and structure of their preparation are similar to that of natural bone tissue, and composite materials that meet the requirements of implantation to improve mechanical properties are currently a hot research topic. Zirconia ceramics have become an indispensable part of the modern medical field. Because zirconia ceramics have excellent physical and chemical properties, it has broad application prospects in the development of engineering ceramics and bioceramics (dental restorations).

Dental Implant Zirconia Ceramic materials should have the following characteristics: the material is non-toxic to the human body and chemically stable (explanation: stable and stable; no change); the implant should be able to remain stable, have sufficient strength and toughness, and be able to withstand the load; the material should be operable and controllable and easy to process and form; the material should have low thermal conductivity; the material should be radiolucent to X-rays It is stronger than bone tissue, making it easier to observe during and after implantation surgery. The production of zirconia ceramics requires the preparation of powders with high purity, good dispersion properties, ultra-fine particles, and narrow particle size distribution. There are many methods for preparing ultra-fine zirconia powder. The main methods for purifying zirconia include chlorination and thermal decomposition, and alkali metal oxidation. Decomposition method, lime melting method, plasma arc method, precipitation method, colloid method, hydrolysis method, spray pyrolysis method, etc.

Zirconia ceramic white , it turns yellow or gray when containing impurities, and generally contains HfO2, which is difficult to separate. Pure ZrO2 has three crystal states under normal pressure. The production of zirconia ceramics requires the preparation of powders with high purity, good dispersion properties, ultra-fine particles and narrow particle size distribution. The ultra-fine zirconia powder There are many preparation methods. The purification of zirconium oxide mainly includes chlorination and thermal decomposition methods, alkali metal oxidative decomposition methods, lime fusion methods, plasma arc methods, precipitation methods, colloid methods, hydrolysis methods, spray pyrolysis methods, etc. Zirconia ceramic has the above characteristics, so it can be used as implant material for dentures.

Advantages of zirconia ceramics for dental implants

As an oral implant material, zirconia ceramic has good biocompatibility It has sex and biological functionality, can remain stable (explanation: stable and stable; no change) for a long time, has no biological degeneration, and does not cause tissue damage or destruction;

Due to the energy in the Martens transformation process of the tetragonal crystal phase particles of zirconia ceramics Absorption, compared with other ceramic materials, zirconia ceramics have better mechanical properties, such as high bending strength and fracture toughness. Under the normal physiological metabolism of body tissues, zirconia ceramics can withstand the action of body fluids, undergo little deterioration or denaturation, and can maintain chemical stability (explanation: stable and stable; no change) for a long time. Zirconia ceramics have good processability; zirconia ceramics can completely withstand routine disinfection and sterilization; the X-ray resistance of implant materials should be higher than that of bone tissue, and the greater the difference, the better for intraoperative and postoperative observation, etc. .

Although zirconia ceramics have the above advantages, the preparation cost of zirconia ceramics is too high high. The high strength and toughness of zirconia ceramics are not necessary for the strength and toughness required for dental restorations and also significantly increase processing costs. In the future, it is necessary to solve the following problems of zirconia ceramics: the selection of liquid phase sintering aids and conditions, the matching of liquid phase sintering aids and the physical and chemical properties of zirconia, the interaction between liquid phase sintering aids and zirconia stabilizers, etc.